Falling Asiatic Lion

Context
Recently 23 lions have died in eastern part of Gujarat's Gir Sanctuary. After a series of Asian Lions deaths, initial reports have said that these Asian lions have died due to infection with canine distemper virus. It is notable that the mass rate of wildlife has always been a cause of worry and the present case is even more worrisome as the Asiatic Lions reside in the forest of Gujarat itself. In the year 2013, the Supreme Court had issued an order that due to the pandemic threat, lions from Gujarat will be shifted to Kuno Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh but wild animals are not beyond state politics. Significantly, the Supreme Court has said that considering the death of Asian lions as a serious incident, the Central Government has asked to look into the matter.

What is Canine Distemper?
  • Canine distemper is a virus-borne infectious disease that affects all kinds of animal species. This virus is affected by the respiratory system, the intestines and the nervous system.
  • By direct contact with urine, blood or saliva, this virus reaches one animal species to another animal species.
  • Canine distemper first appeared in Spain in Europe in 1761.
  • The first vaccine against canine distemper was developed by Italian Puntoni.
What was the court order?
  • In its 2013 order, the Supreme Court had said that there is only one house for Asian lions i.e. the fall of the national forest and its adjoining areas and the outbreak of potential epidemic or natural disaster can end the entire species. 
  • It is notable that a small population of limited Asian lions is more sensitive to diseases and other disasters than large and widespread population.
  • In his order, the court also pointed out that 30% of the total population of the lion in Tanzania's Serenagei was killed due to the spread of canine distemper (a viral disease that affects the animals). 
Response of Gujarat State
  • Gujarat is not ready to move its lions because they consider them to be "proud".
  • The response of the Gujarat state was that the lions are now spreading in the Greater Fall Area and this decreases their risk.
  • Gujarat had told the Supreme Court that, "At present, the population of Asiatic lions is not limited to one place but their metapapulation has been spread in many places within the Greater Fall Area.
  •  In this way, the government has made proper arrangements for conservation system and strong wildlife health care, pandemic-free.
  • It is noteworthy that these areas are connected to each other and it also removes the main concern of settling their population far away from the geographical point of view.
Points of concern
  • Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting animal species and their habitats.
  • This work is partially protected by law, such as the endangered species act and through responsible public order.
  • Wildlife protection is concerned about issues like maintaining itself in ecological processes and reducing the threat to endangered species, but it does not include the treatment of ill-wild animals in its work.
  • However, it is important to treat and care for wild animals, but it is not conducive to the natural process of life and death, and ultimately it compromises with immunity.
  • Another example of such management was the tigress of Ranthambore in Rajasthan, which is known as the world's most photographed tigress and died in 2016.
  • This happened because he was given medical treatment and was often used to food artificially.
  • When wild animals go extinct locally, they are presented again - as was done to tigers in Sariska, Rajasthan.
  • When hungry, they are fed artificially and even supplementary salts are provided as well. Its main example is the population of hangul (red deer) in Dachigam of Jammu and Kashmir.
  • Apart from this, wild animals are trapped in artificial trenches, obstacles and enclosures in other parts of India or, in the name of wildlife conservation, they are kept in protected areas i.e. zoos.
Forward path 
  • Most conservationists will agree that more artificial healing treatment for long-term sustainability of wild animals is not appropriate.
  • Also, the role of wildlife managers should be to minimize unnatural threats to wildlife, and not to keep their lives unnaturally for a long time.
  • However, Gujarat has done a good job of preserving lions, but it should also focus on reducing the handling of the disease, which includes controlling the population of the wild dogs.
  • As well as geographically different populations of Asiatic lions should be made and Gujarat should work in the direction of making new habitats within the state and within the fall scenario.
Source: The Hindu 

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