IPCC report on global warming

Context

A special report has recently been issued by the Inter-Governmental Panel (IPCC) on climate change . Significantly, it was specifically authorized to ascertain the scientific viability of the temperature of 1.5 degree Celsius set in the Paris accord on global warming . The IPCC 's Assessment Report, released, estimates the dangerous picture of the future of the Earth.

Important point

• According to this report of the IPCC , it is impossible to reduce the emissions to complete the goal of 1.5 ° C completely.
• According to this report, if the present rate of emissions remains intact then global warming will also cross 1.5 degrees Celsius between 2030 and 2052. Compared to pre-industrial era, global warming is currently 1.2 degrees Celsius.
• In 2015, various countries requested for this report to ascertain the possibilities of keeping temperature rise below 1.5 ° C. This was the major demand made by many small and poor countries, especially those located on small islands. Such countries suffer more than the effects of climate change.
• One of the main messages of this report is that due to the temperature of only 1 degree Celsius of global warming we are already experiencing adverse effects of weather fluctuations, sea level rising and arctic ice disappearing. .

Background

• At the moment, according to the declared purpose of the 2015 Paris Agreement of the World, the world is trying to prevent growth of more than 2 degrees Celsius in global warming. To meet this goal, the greenhouse gas level is lower than 20% by 2030, by 20 percent and achieving total zero emission level by the year 2075. 
• Total zero emissions can be achieved when the quantity of the total emitted carbon dioxide will be balanced by absorbing it by the natural absorbers such as the forest or carbon dioxide will be removed from the environment by technical interference.
• In the previous reports, which became the basis of global action for the environment, the IPCC has said that if the global average temperature exceeds 2 degrees Celsius, then climate change can be "irreversible" and "destructive".

key findings

• According to the report, at 1.5 ° C, the rise in sea levels in the world, increase in rainfall and increase in droughts and floods, more hot days and summer waves, more intense tropical cyclones, ocean acidification and salinity will increase .
• The report says that the infection from 1.5 ° C to 2 ° C is full of risks. If global warming crosses 2 ° C level, its impact will be many times more devastating compared to the alleged destruction of the previous report of the IPCC. 
• The coastal nations and the agricultural economy of Asia and Africa will be most affected. Decrease in crop yields, unprecedented climate instability and sensitivity can increase poverty by up to 2050 to the statistics of several hundred million. 
• On the Indian shores, an increase of sea level has increased by 1cm per decade. With the intensity of the monsoon, the melting of ice cubes at a rapid pace can cause natural disasters in the Himalayan regions. 
• Benefits of preventing global warming from reaching 2 degrees Celsius - में  
  Reduction in sea water level growth. 
  की Chance of reducing the risks related to climate related to food productivity, crop yield, water crisis, health related risks and economic growth. 
  में Decrease in melting rate of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. 
• Four estimated methods to limit global warming to 1.5 ° C

The temperature of this century by every medium is estimated to be more than 1.5 degrees Celsius before returning to the projected level. In these ways a different scenario of global energy demand is seen-

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1. In such a situation, especially in the Southern Globe as a result of social, business and technical innovations, the demand for energy will decrease by 2050, while the level of living will increase. Reduction of the size of the energy-supply system enables carbon dioxide to be reduced rapidly. Afforestation is considered as the only CDR option, in which neither fossil fuels containing CCS nor BECCS are used.
2. It involves focusing on sustainable development including energy intensity, human development, economic convergence and international cooperation. It also includes sustainable and healthy consumption pattern with limited social acceptance for BECCS, low carbon technology innovation and leaning towards planned managed land systems.
3. A middle path in which social and technological advances follow the historical process. Emissions reduction can be brought mainly by changing the methods of production of energy and products and by cutting demand.
4. Reduction in emissions is mainly achieved through technical means, in which CDR is effectively used by the use of BECCS.

Forward path

• Techniques for Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) are still undeveloped. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is between 100 to 1000 gigaton (billion tons) which is to be removed. Currently the whole world emits 47 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide.
• To prevent carbon emissions, there is a need to shift from energy, land, urban infrastructure (including transportation and buildings) and industrial systems with a fast and far reaching vision.
• Developing countries should avoid large-scale carbon emissions, while developed countries should prohibit consumption in their country, which promotes carbon dioxide emissions.
• In order to reduce carbon dioxide globally, the carbon dioxide-intensive areas of the economy have to be involved in emitting less carbon dioxide emitting technology, energy efficient machines and carbon dioxide absorbers.
• Science has heard its decision. It has also given the hope of action and results. Now the responsibility of policy makers is to take necessary actions to maintain existence at 1.5 ° C. 

What is the IPCC? Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a body of the United Nations to assess scientific changes related to climate change. There are 195 member countries. It was founded in 1988 by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) . Its aim is to provide policy-makers a regular scientific assessment to strategize the climate change, its impact, and potential future risks, as well as to optimize and reduce climate change. The IPCC assessment provides scientific information to governments at all levels, which can be used to develop liberal policy towards climate.  The IPCC assessment plays an important role in international negotiations to deal with climate change. What is UNEP? This is a UN agency. It was founded in 1972 during the United Nations Conference on Human Environment in Stockholm. It is headquartered in Nairobi (Kenya).  The purpose of this organization is to increase international cooperation in all matters affecting the environment and ensure the collection, evaluation and mutual cooperation of the environment related information.  UNEP acts as a catalyst for technical and general diagnosis of environmental related problems.  UNEP has successfully worked on hundreds of projects collaborating with other UN bodies.

Sources: The Hindu, Indian Express